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Conrad Gessner
Conrad Gessner (also ''Konrad Gesner'', ''Conrad Geßner'', ''Conrad von Gesner'', ''Conradus Gesnerus'', ''Conrad Gesner''; 26 March 1516 – 13 December 1565) was a Swiss naturalist and bibliographer. He was well known as a botanist, physician and classical linguist. His five-volume ''Historiae animalium'' (1551–1558) is considered the beginning of modern zoology, and the flowering plant genus ''Gesneria'' and its family Gesneriaceae are named after him. A genus of moths is also named ''Gesneria'' after him. He is denoted by the author abbreviation Gesner when citing a botanical name.
==Life and education==
Gessner was born on March 26, 1516 in Zürich, Switzerland, he was the son of Ursus Gessner, a Zürich furrier.〔("Conrad Gesner" ). eNotes.com.〕 Gessner's father realized he was clever, and sent him to live with a great uncle, who grew and collected medicinal herbs for a living. Here the boy became familiar with many plants and their medicinal purposes which led to a lifelong interest in natural history.
Gessner first attended the ''Carolinum'' in Zürich, then he entered the Fraümunster seminary. There he studied Latin classics. In school, he impressed his teachers so much that a few of them helped sponsor him so he could further his education at universities such as Strassburg and Bourges (1532–1533). One even acted as a foster father to him after the death of his father at the Battle of Kappel (1531). After the death of his father he left Zürich and traveled to Strasbourg. Here he broadened his knowledge of ancient languages by studying Hebrew at the Strasbourg Academy. In 1535, religious unrest drove him back to Zürich, where he made an imprudent marriage. His friends again came to his aid and enabled him to study at Basel (1536).〔Pettitt, George A. ("Conrad Gesner" ). ''Encyclopaedia Britannica''.〕
Throughout his life Gessner was interested in natural history, and collected specimens and descriptions of wildlife through travel and extensive correspondence with other friends and scholars. His approach to research consisted of four main components: observation, dissection, travel to distant lands, and accurate description. This rising observational approach was new to Renaissance scholars because people usually relied completely upon Classical writers for their research.〔North, Michael. ("Conrad Gesner’s Historiae Animalium" ). US National Institute of Health〕 He died of the plague, the year after his ennoblement on December 13, 1565.
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